Advanced Dynamics CB, Madrid, Spain.
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The sole author designed, analysed, interpreted and prepared the manuscript..
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.9734/ajopacs/2024/v12i2224
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ABSTRACT

Over the last forty years we have conducted a methodical investigation process with a view to better understanding the behavior of rigid solid bodies that are simultaneously subject to accelerations owing to non-coaxial rotations. We have taken part in a long and complex investigation and examination procedure by way of applying the scientific method to try and explain
our observations that are not in keeping with the accepted paradigm or pattern.

Keywords: Theory of dynamic interactions; methodical investigation; rigid solid bodies

1.    INTRODUCTION

“We have developed a dynamic knowledge structure for non-inertial systems, called the Theory of Dynamic Interactions (TID) as part of non-inertial dynamic knowledge” [1].
This theory incorporates a causal demonstration of phenomena accelerated by rotation, which would complement Classical Mechanics. This theory is based on the hypotheses of inertial reactions and on the principles of conservation of measurable, such as momentum, total mass, and total energy, and the concepts of rotational inertia; dynamic interaction; velocity coupling or constant rotation. We believe that the TID mathematical model that we propose is of great conceptual importance.
Short Communication
Barceló; Asian J. Phys. Chem. Sci., vol. 12, no. 2, pp. 54-62, 2024; Article no.AJOPACS.117062
55
Fig. 1. Trajectory of a body endowed with translational velocity and rotation around its main axis when subjected to a new turn not coinciding with the existing rotation.1

 

 

2.  TEORÍA DE INTERACCIONES DINAMICAS

Recientemente la revista Journal of Applied Mathematics and Physics, me ha publicado el articulo: Analysis of the Orbitation and Rotation of Celestial Bodies, (2023). https://www.scirp.org/journal/paperinformation.aspx?paperid=128107 en el que describo, con casos y supuestos, la TEORIA DE INTERACCIONES DINÁMICAS (TID), y en este caso, su aplicación para entender el movimiento simultaneo de rotación y orbitación de los cuerpos celestes.

 

Todo nació hace muchos años al querer indagar sobre las investigaciones de mi profesor Miguel Catalán. En el referido texto, daba el ejemplo de un cuerpo en el espacio, con trayectoria rectilínea, dotado de velocidad de traslación y rotación alrededor de su eje principal, el cual es sometido a un par de fuerzas externas no coincidentes con su propia rotación; por ejemplo, un par de flotabilidad/peso, contenido en el plano del dibujo, como ocurría en nuestro experimento de un prototipo de submarino, a escala.2

 

Figura 1. Trayectoria de un cuerpo dotado de velocidad de traslación y rotación alrededor de su eje principal, cuando se le somete a un nuevo giro no coincidente con la rotación existente. 1

 

En nuestras pruebas experimentales, habíamos llegado a la conclusión de que el campo de velocidades que se genera por ese par de flotabilidad/peso, obligaba al móvil a girar sobre un eje vertical perpendicular al par externo actuante (Figura 1). En rojo está representado el móvil desplazado (pero con la orientación anterior) y en azul está la nueva orientación del móvil debido al acoplamiento dinámico que se produce. Y llegábamos al resultado de que se produce el referido acoplamiento. o unión de ambos campos de velocidades (traslacional y anisotrópico debido al par de fuerzas que actúan) y, en consecuencia, al cambio de trayectoria del móvil, que iniciaba una órbita, como la de la Tierra alrededor del Sol, si las condiciones externas se mantenían constante.

Con esa prueba experimental habíamos llegado a la conclusión de que el modelo aceptado que intentaba justificar el comportamiento de la Tierra, alrededor del Sol es erróneo, y que no es la Ley de la Gravitación Universal la que genera esa trayectoria orbital, simultanea con su rotación.

 

¹ Barceló, G: New paradigm in physics. Ed. Amazon, 2017/ 2018.

 

 

Figura 2: La trayectoria I es la establecida por la mecánica clásica, y la trayectoria II es la que resulta de la Teoría de Interacciones Dinámicas que proponemos, y que ha sido comprobada en numerosos ensayos y pruebas.2

 

 

 

 

Llegamos a la conclusión de que las leyes de Newton pueden ser validas en supuestos sin aceleraciones, pero no cuando nos encontramos con móviles con rotaciones.

Repetimos las pruebas experimentales con otros móviles, y llegamos a la conclusión de que el modelo propuesto por Newton para justificar la órbita de la Tierra, y que había sido respetado por Einstein era, en nuestra opinión claramente erróneo, y que tenía que ser sustituido por el modelo concebido por la TID [3- 28].

Además, el enunciado de Newton, necesariamente tenía que generar una órbita ondulante, tanto para la Tierra, como para la Luna: su trayectoria estaría influenciada por las fuerzas de la gravedad en cada punto de su órbita, por lo que, en el caso de la Luna, su órbita fluctuaría en función de la posición relativa del Sol y de la Tierra respecto de la Luna. No sería la misma orbita resultante si estos estuviesen en conjunción o en oposición.

Por otro lado, la TEORIA DE INTERACCIONES DINAMICAS, además de justificar la órbita de la Tierra, de la Luna y de los cuerpos celestes, permitía la comprensión de otros fenómenos dinámicos de la naturaleza, como el vuelo del bumerang, el baile de la peonza, el giróscopo, el péndulo giroscópico, el epostracismo, los fenómenos de vórtice atmosférico, el confinamiento dinámico, las anomalías dinámicas de las sondas Pioneer, la palanca dinámica, el gobierno de móviles sin timón, las pelotas y balones con efecto, el Roll Coupling de los aviones, las bombas rasantes que rebotaban, de la segunda guerra mundial, el disco de Euler o el bote de refresco que se eleva sin fuerza ascendente que lo empuje, y de otros muchos ejemplos dinámicos.

² Barceló, G: New paradigm in physics. Ed. Amazon, 2017/ 2018.

 

 

 

Figura 3: Modelo de prototipo de submarino con depósitos de agua a popa y proa, con el que se demostró su cambio de trayectoria, sin la necesidad de un timón, conforme a lo previsto en la TID.3

 

 

 

 

Todos estos ejemplos, y muchos más, se describen en el segundo tomo del libro: NUEVO PARADIGMA EN FÍSICA y se pueden también conocer mediante los portales: https://advanceddynamics.net/ y http://www.dinamicafundacion.com/, y en diferentes videos. Las pruebas experimentales realizadas son fácilmente reproducibles según el método científico. Advanced Dynamics ha convocado tres concursos sucesivos para la posible refutación o antítesis de la teoría propuesta, sin obtener respuesta. Los videos de presentación de la TID se pueden encontrar también en: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=k177OuTj3Gg&feature=related o en https://youtu.be/keFgx5hW7ig.

 

Figura 4. La Precesión en dinámica rotacional se genera cuando se aplica una fuerza a un cuerpo en rotación, obligándole a realizar un nuevo giro, sobre un nuevo eje. La respuesta del móvil no es ese nuevo giro, si no que reacciona como si la fuerza se hubiese aplicado en otro punto, que le obliga a realizar un movimiento de orbitación, al acoplarse esa nueva rotación inducida, con la velocidad de traslación existente, generándose por este fenómeno, la trayectoria en órbita de los cuerpos celestes.4

 

³ Barceló, G: New paradigm in physics. Ed. Amazon, 2017/ 2018.

⁴ Barceló, G.: Theory of Dynamic Interactions. Global Summit on Physics Congress, Madrid, 27 September 2018, 1-31.

 

Este extraño comportamiento de los cuerpos con rotación sobre un eje se debe al fenómeno de precesión, que se produce cuando al cuerpo en movimiento, y con rotación, se le obliga a realizar un nuevo giro sobre un nuevo eje.

Como resumen del artículo referido, al final proponíamos estas conclusiones: El modelo mecánico establecido por la Ley Universal de la Gravedad de Newton debe considerarse un modelo aproximado, aunque ha perdurado durante siglos en nuestro paradigma científico.

Nuestras hipótesis TID se basan en el acoplamiento de campos de velocidad de traslación en cada punto del objeto en movimiento, incluso si estos campos son causados por movimientos de traslación, o generados por acciones externas, que podrían crear nuevas rotaciones no coincidentes con otras posibles preexistentes en el móvil.

 

Figura 5. Prototipo terrestre II con ruedas giratorias, que permitía su control de dirección, con resultados similares a los del submarino.5

 

 

 

 

Creemos que nuestras propuestas y los resultados, sugieren nuevos horizontes para la dinámica rotacional, y nuevas claves para comprender la armonía del universo. El universo está constituido no sólo por fuerzas sino también por sus efectos, pues actúan constantemente sobre cuerpos celestes en rotación con velocidad de traslación constante, dando como resultado una órbita cerrada. Por tanto, es un sistema en movimiento, aunque también se encuentre en un constante estado de equilibrio dinámico.

¿No es precisamente este equilibrio que observamos del cosmos, el comportamiento de la mecánica rotacional?

Los movimientos orbitales que observamos en los cuerpos celestes son el resultado de un acoplamiento dinámico no previsto en la Mecánica Clásica, como se expresa en la TID, permitiendo un equilibrio dinámico secular.

En consecuencia, creemos que el modelo matemático TID que proponemos es de gran importancia conceptual. Además, pensamos que no sólo es necesario comprender la dinámica de los cuerpos en rotación sino también la del cosmos,

⁵ Barceló, G: New paradigm in physics. Ed. Amazon, 2017/ 2018.

 

con cuerpos que orbitan y tienen movimientos constantemente recurrentes, que hacen posible sistemas que han estado en equilibrio dinámico durante siglos, y no están necesariamente en un proceso de expansión ilimitada. Incluso creemos que esta nueva teoría dinámica mejora nuestra comprensión de nuestro universo y de la materia de la que está hecho.

 

 

3, MODELO MATEMATCO

Hemos llevado a cabo el análisis de estos casos en el campo de la Teoría de Campos. Después de observar la naturaleza y teniendo en cuenta las deducciones obtenidas a partir de los principios dinámicos utilizados, hemos llegado a la conclusión de que la aplicación sucesiva de momentos no coaxiales, sobre un sólido rígido en movimiento, puede generar los siguientes resultados:

 

1. Distribuciones de velocidad no homogéneas y de aceleraciones que se generan dentro de la masa de los móviles, que conforman campos de esas
2. Acoplamiento discriminante de los campos dinámicos: los campos resultantes de los pares o momentos no necesariamente se acoplan entre sí.
3. El campo existente debido a la rotación intrínseca, no se acopla con el campo del movimiento de traslación del centro de masas del cuerpo.
4. Los campos generados por el par actuante se acoplan con el campo del movimiento de traslación existente.
5. El móvil se ve obligado a iniciar una nueva trayectoria, describiendo una órbita cerrada, si el par actuante es constante.

 

Estas hipótesis son criterios diferenciales de la Teoría de las Interacciones Dinámicas, que pueden ser, y han sido, confirmados con pruebas experimentales, y con un modelo matemático que permite la simulación del comportamiento real de los cuerpos sometidos a estas excitaciones.

Se ha obtenido una clara correlación entre el momento inicial, las especulaciones e hipótesis, las leyes dinámicas rotacionales, los ensayos experimentales realizados, y el modelo matemático resultante correspondiente a las ecuaciones de movimiento de nuestra propuesta

Como resultado podemos obtener la variación de la dirección de la velocidad de traslación del móvil, mediante la aplicación de la fórmula de nuestro modelo:

E incorporando la matriz del operador obtenemos la ecuación resultante:

4. RESULTADOS DE LAS PRUEBAS

A pesar de las dificultades para realizar un experimento en tierra, dado las inevitables aceleraciones negativas debido a la fricción con la superficie del suelo, con el aire y también debido a las presentes en los rodamientos y motores, no obstante, fue posible realizar las pruebas en el agua.

 

Si no existieran tales fricciones, las mediciones que podrían tomarse con respecto a ambas velocidades, como los radios instantáneos de curvatura, verificarían hipotéticamente el marco teórico que el profesor Barceló propone en su Teoría de Interacciones Dinámicas a través de varias publicaciones y artículos. El campo inercial se acopla y se suma vectorialmente a cualquier campo de velocidad del centro de masa del sistema…

 

…La principal diferencia entre estos experimentos, el realizado sobre ruedas giratorias y la prueba del submarino realizada por Gabriel Barceló Rico-Avello es que, en este caso, el momento lineal rectilíneo y el momento angular principal son ambos inerciales (aunque negativamente acelerados debido a múltiples fricciones).

 

Como ambos momentos de rotación y traslación son inerciales, se activa el torque secundario, sirviendo para demostrar que el centro de masa se desvía de la dirección marcada por su vector de velocidad rectilínea.

 

Las nuevas hipótesis dinámicas, propuestas por el profesor Gabriel Barceló, fueron demostradas empíricamente, confirmando debidamente que los campos de velocidad generados por el torque de interacción dinámica se acoplan dinámicamente con el campo inercial del sistema rectilíneo.6

 

A partir del estudio de este y otros fenómenos derivados de observaciones de cuerpos dotados de momento angular, simultáneamente sujetos a la acción de algún torque no colineal con ellos, concluimos la necesidad de perseverar aún más en estos estudios. El hecho de haber ignorado estas hipótesis, que son un área importante de la dinámica no inercial, puede haber sido debido a la falta de una herramienta matemática adecuada. Por lo tanto, alentamos la búsqueda de un nuevo sistema matemático, un nuevo álgebra para comprender la dinámica rotacional, y también destacamos la necesidad de investigar y estudiar más a fondo los campos de velocidad y los campos inerciales de la materia bariónica.7 Este artículo y el video adjunto confirman la hipótesis mencionada anteriormente

⁶ Pérez. L. A.: New Evidence on Rotational Dynamics, World Journal of Mechanics, Vol 3, No. 3, 2013, pages 174-177, doi: 10.4236/wjm.2013.33016.

http://www.scirp.org/journal/wjmhttp://dx.doi.org/10.4236/wjm. 2013.33016

⁷ Pérez. L. A. Reflecting new evidence on rotational dynamics, script of http://vimeo.com/68763196 th

 

expuesta por el profesor Barceló en su artículo: “Análisis de Campos Dinámicos en Sistemas No Inerciales”, publicado en el Vol. 2, No. 3, junio de 2012, en el “World Journal of Mechanics”, incluso bajo condiciones verdaderamente inerciales.

 

En consecuencia, entiendo que la teoría mencionada es un nuevo paradigma del comportamiento dinámico. Creo que estas conclusiones modifican los fundamentos de la dinámica racional, incorporando nuevos criterios de gran impacto e importancia en la disciplina.8

5. Conclusiones

 

Los test iniciales y experimentales más importantes realizados durante los últimos treinta años en este proyecto de investigación han sido descritos. Además de los referidos en este texto, se realizaron numerosas otras pruebas y experimentos con otros prototipos especialmente diseñados, así como con una amplia variedad de instrumentos y modelos.

 

Las pruebas se realizaron con objetos móviles en el aire, en el agua o en tierra, por lo tanto, los resultados homogéneos obtenidos sirven simplemente para confirmar aún más nuestras hipótesis y sostener nuestra teoría. Después de haber repetido tales pruebas diversas, no había posibilidad de atribuir los resultados obtenidos a fenómenos inesperados, a efectos aerodinámicos, o a aquellos de cualquier otra naturaleza.

 

Las pruebas confirman, sin ningún margen de error, la Teoría de Interacciones Dinámicas propuesta. Como dijo Galileo Galilei: La filosofía está escrita en ese gran libro que siempre está abierto ante nuestros ojos, me refiero al universo, pero no podemos entenderlo si no aprendemos primero el lenguaje y captamos los símbolos en los que está escrito.9

 

RENUNCIA (INTELIGENCIA ARTIFICIAL)

El autor declara que NO hay IA generativa tecnologías como los Grandes Modelos de Lenguaje (ChatGPT, COPILOT, etc.) y de texto a imagen se han utilizado generadores durante la escritura o edición de manuscritos.

 

INTERESES CONTRAPUESTOS

El autor declara que no tienen conocimiento de Intereses financieros concurrentes o intereses no financieros, o relaciones personales que podrían haber influido en el trabajo reportado en este documento.

⁸ Pérez. L. A.: New Evidence on Rotational Dynamics, World Journal of Mechanics, Vol 3, No. 3, 2013, pages 174-177, doi: 10.4236/wjm.2013.33016. http://www.scirp.org/journal/wjm http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/wjm.2013.33016

⁹ Galilei, Galileo: Il Saggiatore, 1623. Publisher: Sarpe, 1984 – Volume 35 Great Thinkers.

 

REFERENCIAS:

 

¹ Barceló, Gabriel: Analysis of the orbitation and rotation of celestial bodies. Journal of Applied Mathematics and                  Physics.           2023;11:2765           2774.           DOI:10.4236/jamp.2023.119179.            Available: https://www.scirp.org/journal/pap erinformation.aspx?paperid=128107

2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. Barceló, Gabriel: Rotational mechanics. Generalization of Movement in space. Available:

www.ijisset.org Volume: 5 Issue: 12, 2019 Available: https://ijisset.org/storage /Volume5/Issue12/ IJISSET-051119.pdf

10. Barceló, Gabriel: Miguel Catalán’s CXXV Anniversary December 10, 2019 Advances in Historical Studies Vol.8 No.5 DOI: 10.4236/ahs.2019.85017
11. Barceló, Gabriel: Advanced Dynamics: Technological Applications Engineering and Technology 2019;4(08). Available: https://everant.org/index.php/etj/article/vie w/342/305
12. Barceló, Gabriel: A New Celestial Mechanics Dynamics of Accelerated Systems. Journal of Applied Mathematics and Physics August 16, 2019. DOI: 10.4236/jamp.2019.78119
13. Barceló, Gabriel: Theory of Dynamic Interactions. Global Summit on Physics, 27/9/2018.
14. Barceló, Gabriel: Global summit on physics & world congress on quantum and nuclear 19/9/2018. Enlace
15. Dinámica Fundación: The Universe does not necessarily 04/04/2018.
16. Barceló, Gabriel: New Paradigm in Physics: Assumptions and applications of the theory of dynamic interactions, Volume II: Theory of Dynamics Interactions, Amazon, 2018. (Español e ingles), Available: http://advanceddynamics.net/
17. Gabriel Barceló. Theory Of Dynamic Interactions: Synthesis. Transactions on Machine Learning and Artificial Intelligence,    5.  No  5;  p.  10,  oct.  2017.  ISSN  2169-4726.  Available:

http://dx.doi.org/10.14738/tmlai.5 5.3344 11.

18. Barceló, Gabriel: New Paradigm in Physics, Volume I: Theory of Dynamics Interactions. Amazon, 2017. (Español e ingles).
19. Barceló, Gabriel: Dynamic Interaction: A New Concept of Confinement, Global Journal of Science Frontier Research: A Physics and Space Science, Vol 16 no.3, Junio 2016, Video.
20. Barceló, Gabriel: Theory of Dynamic Interactions: The Flight of the Boomerang II, Journal of Applied Mathematics and Physics, Vol.3 no.5, Mayo 2015. DOI:10.4236/jamp.2015.35067, Available: https://youtube.com/watch?v=mGfrG W5fhOg&feature=youtu.be.
21. Barceló, Dynamic Interactions in the Atmosphere, Atmospheric and Climate Sciences. 2014;4(5). DOI: 10.4236/ACS.2014.45073 15. Barceló, Gabriel. On Motion, Its Relativity And The Equivalence Principle. Journal of Modern Physics. 2014;5(17)14. DOI: 10.4236/jmp.2014.517180
22. Barceló, Gabriel. Dynamic interaction confinement. World Journal of Nuclear Science and Technology. 2014;4(4)29. DOI: 10.4236/wjnst.2014.44031.
23. Barceló, Gabriel. Theory of dynamic interaction: Laws of motion. World Journal of Mechanics. 2013;3(9):10. DOI: 10.4236/wjm.2013.39036. Available:https://scirp.org/pdf/WJM_2 013121013261555.pdf.
24. Barceló, Proporsal of new criteria for celestial mechanics. International Journal of Astronomy and Astrophysics. 2013;3(4). DOI: 10.4236/ijaa.2013.34044 Available:https://www.scirp.org/pdf/IJAA_2 013111114164800.pdf.
25. Barceló, Gabriel. Technological applications of the new Theory of Dynamic Interations. Global Journal of Researches in Engineering-A: Mechanics Mechanical Engineering and (GJRE-A). 2013;13(5).
26. Barceló, Gabriel. Analysis of dynamics fields in noninertial systems. World Journal of Mechanics. 2012;3(3). DOI: 10.4236/wjm.2012.23021

Gabriel Barceló has published: Dynamics of Planets and Other Celestial Bodies, on the Asian Journal of Physical and Chemical Sciences, Volume 12, Issue 2, Page 54-62, 2024; Article no.AJOPACS.117062ISSN: 2456-7779.

https://doi.org/10.9734/ajopacs/2024/v12i2224

It states that over the last forty years we have conducted a methodical investigation process with a view to better understanding the behavior of rigid solid bodies that are simultaneously subject to accelerations owing to non-coaxial rotations. We have taken part in a long and complex investigation and examination procedure by way of applying the scientific method to try and explain our observations that are not in keeping with the accepted paradigm or pattern, and has proposed a new Theory of Dynamic Interactions.

 

The 5th Space Engineering Congress was held in person at the Institute of Engineering of Spain: Calle del General Arrando, 38, 28010 Madrid, from June 11 to 13, 2024.

THEORIES ON ORBITATION AND THEIR APPLICATION IN THE CONTROL OF AIRCRAFT.

Doctor I.I. Gabriel Barceló Rico-Avello presented a poster titled:

THEORIES ON ORBITATION AND THEIR APPLICATION IN THE

CONTROL OF AIRCRAFT, proposing a specific dynamic for celestial bodies, as well as for spacecraft and rockets with rotation, defined by the Theory of Dynamic Interactions (TDI).

This theory explains the behavior of bodies with intrinsic rotation in space, and also provides the rationale for planetary orbits, the rings of Saturn, the reason for the ecliptic, and the orbiting of celestial bodies. It should also be taken into account in the control and guidance of aircraft, rockets, and spacecraft with intrinsic rotation.

CMPMEET2024

PRAGUE, CZECH REPUBLIC: MAY 13-15, 2024

The third International Meeting on Condensed Matter Physics was held in Prague, Czech Republic, from May 13 to 15, 2024.

CMPMEET2024 provided a platform of international standards where advances in Condensed Matter Physics could be discussed and shared.

For this meeting, researcher Gabriel Barceló prepared a presentation on the

THEORY OF DYNAMIC INTERACTIONS with the following abstract:

THEORY OF DYNAMIC INTERACTIONS, ITS ORIGIN

Gabriel Barceló Dr. II. LCF.

Dinámica Fundación(España) gestor@dinamicafundacion.com

In science, the laws governing bodies with intrinsic rotation must be taken into account. Rotational dynamics differ greatly from translational dynamics, and their behavior is governed by the THEORY OF DYNAMIC INTERACTIONS. This theory also determines the behavior of celestial bodies with rotation, and thus the mechanisms of movement within our universe.

We argue that in the dynamics of celestial bodies, as well as rockets and spacecraft with rotation, it’s essential to follow the principles of the Theory of Dynamic Interactions. This theory explains the behavior of bodies with intrinsic rotation in space, such as the gyroscope, boomerang, or top, and it also illustrates the reasons for planetary orbits, Saturn’s rings, and galaxy structures.

This theory should also be considered in the guidance and control of rockets and spacecraft with intrinsic rotation.

Keywords: Dynamic Interactions; rotational dynamics; intrinsic rotation; Dynamic Interactions; aircraft navigation; rockets and spacecraft with rotation; planetary orbits.

And the following paper was presented:

DYNAMIC INTERACTIONS THEORY, ITS ORIGIN.

Gabriel Barceló Dr. II. LCF.

Dinamica Fundación (Spain) gestor@dinamicafundacion.com

In science, the behavioral laws governing the motion of bodies with intrinsic rotation must be considered. Rotational dynamics are quite different from translational dynamics, and their laws constitute the DYNAMIC INTERACTIONS THEORY. We claim that in the dynamics of celestial bodies, as well as rockets and spacecraft with rotation, the criteria of the Dynamic Interactions Theory must be respected. This theory justifies the behavior of bodies with intrinsic rotation in space, such as those mentioned, and also the gyroscope, boomerang, or top. It also explains the reason for planetary orbits, the rings of Saturn, and galaxy structures. Additionally, this theory should be considered in the guidance and control of rockets and spacecraft with intrinsic rotation.

ITS ORIGIN

This theory has been conceived to understand the behavior of bodies with rotation on their axis and provides insight into the dynamic behavior of the universe, specifically the orbital motion of the Earth around the Sun, planets, and other celestial bodies. It is the result of over forty years of research and experimental testing in this field.

After this initial phase of deduction, testing, and experimentation, we concluded that the mechanical model established by Newton’s Universal Law of Gravitation is, in our opinion, an approximate model that cannot truly justify the generation of orbital motion of celestial bodies. We have discussed this criterion in various instances, aligning with our observation of the connection in the universe between orbitation and rotation (For example, in Section 14.2 of the book: Barceló, Gabriel: New Paradigm in Physics: Assumptions and applications of the theory of dynamic interactions, Volume II: Theory of Dynamics Interactions, Amazon, 2018. Spanish and English).

A reasoned development of this hypothesis was published in 2023 in an article titled: Analysis of the Orbitation and Rotation of Celestial Bodies, in the Journal of Applied Mathematics and Physics. Vol. 11 No. 9, September, where we stated in the abstract: …it is necessary to understand the dynamics of rotating bodies to also understand the dynamics of the cosmos, with orbiting bodies and motions that are constantly repeated, allowing systems to remain in dynamic equilibrium for centuries, not necessarily undergoing unlimited expansion. We believe that this new dynamic theory allows for a better understanding of our universe and matter.

STRUCTURE OF DYNAMIC KNOWLEDGE

We have developed a structure for dynamic knowledge for non-inertial systems, the previously mentioned Dynamic Interactions Theory, as part of non-inertial dynamic knowledge, incorporating a causal demonstration of rotation- accelerated phenomena, which complements Classical Mechanics. This theory is based on the hypotheses of inertial reactions and principles of conservation of measurable quantities (expressed in Section 5.0 of the book: New Paradigm in Physics), such as momentum, total mass, and total energy, and the concepts: Rotational inertia; Dynamic interaction; Coupling of speeds; or Constant rotation.

We believe the mathematical model we propose is of great conceptual importance. It’s essential to reiterate that in space, everything that orbits have intrinsic rotation. From this observation, not considered by Newton or Einstein, we have constructed a dynamic knowledge structure for non-inertial systems, incorporating a causal demonstration of rotation-accelerated phenomena, without any known refutation or antithesis to our arguments to date. We understand that this theory provides a clear and satisfactory explanation for the rotational phenomena of bodies with axial symmetry, allowing us to move beyond a translational view of our surroundings. It transports us to the reality of a universe with rotating bodies, altering our perceptions, criteria, conceptualizations, and evaluations of our context, showing how nature should be perceived and interpreted in physics.

ORBIT AND ROTATION

Along with the paradox of orbit and rotation, observing the universe raised other new doubts: its secular dynamic equilibrium, which didn’t seem to reconcile with Newtonian physics, where forces generate constantly accelerating translational motion. The universe’s equilibrium and dynamics didn’t seem consistent with the conceptual structure of Classical Mechanics. In my opinion, Newton’s universal law of gravitation should generate wavy orbital paths, depending on the positions of other celestial bodies. For example, the Moon should have an oscillating orbit, depending on whether the Earth is in conjunction with the Sun or not. This was not considered by Newton or Einstein, nor did they value Earth’s intrinsic rotation in its orbit, nor for other celestial bodies. It was also observed that the rotational speed of galaxies was uniform and independent of their distance from the center of rotation, which doesn’t align with Newtonian theory and General Relativity, which state that rotational speed should decrease with distance.

This gave rise to Modified Newtonian Dynamics (MOND). In our opinion, it’s not about modifying the Newtonian law but completely replacing it with a more reliable and coherent formulation that describes nature’s true behavior (considering the intrinsic rotation of celestial bodies) and accepting the true discriminant coupling of speeds.

Any observer can notice how the systems of the universe are in constant motion, yet in constant dynamic equilibrium. In the observable real universe, the general dynamic behavior of rigid bodies is characterized by their dynamic equilibrium. Over time, it’s confirmed how the trajectory in orbit coexists with intrinsic rotation.

 

PRECESSION MOVEMENT

Suppose the Earth has intrinsic spin on its main axis and translational speed in space. Simultaneously, it’s subjected to a couple of gravitational forces exerted by the Sun and Moon, forcing its rotation axis into a new rotation, not spatially coincident with its own spin. This couple generates a precession movement of the Earth, which we understand obliges it to describe a new trajectory.

But it must be understood, according to the Dynamic Interactions Theory, that Earth’s rotational inertia, due to its intrinsic spin, prevents the coupling of rotation speeds, so that in our proposal, the precession movement couples with translational motion, creating an orbit, which, if the applied couple is constant, will generate a closed orbit. It should be noted that in our thesis, there’s a discriminant coupling of speeds, with the speed of the precession movement not coupling with the linear component of rotational speed, but with the translational speed of the object.

Therefore, we conclude that the gravitational non-coaxial couple generated an orbital motion with a constant translational speed, which is exactly the same translational speed that the object previously had. This deduction results from the so-called Postulate of Successive Non-Coaxial Couples: When a rigid body is subjected to two successive non-coaxial rotations, the translational speed field couples with the inertial speed field generated by the second non-coaxial moment, forcing the object’s center of mass to change its trajectory without an external force applied in that direction.

CONCLUSION

We’ve analyzed a dynamic case in the context of Field Theory. After observing nature and considering the deductions obtained from the stated principles, we’ve concluded that the successive application of non-coaxial moments on a rigid body generates that specific dynamic behavior for bodies with intrinsic rotation, distinct from those with linear translational motion.

This is the thesis of our proposal on the behavior of solids with intrinsic rotation, applicable to all bodies with mass, including celestial bodies in the universe. We suggest these hypotheses be explored when analyzing these dynamic phenomena.

For more information on this proposal and its applications, we suggest referring to the mentioned books and texts and visiting the following websites: http://www.advanceddynamics.es/

http://www.dinamicafundacion.com/

The third piece of news highlighted is that a new scientific theory, which was originally published in 2017 after 35 years of research, has served to improve the governance of satellites, by providing the theoretical basis for inertial navigation. The development has been distinguished with the 2023 Aeronautical Innovation Award..

The protagonist of this theory is Gabriel Barceló, a Spanish physicist and engineer who proves the accuracy of his theory applied to the management of inertial navigation. Barceló explains that inertial navigators have been applied for many years in navigation and in the piloting of airplanes and spacecraft, but without an adequate theoretical reference. His theory represents its foundation and the theoretical justification for its proper functioning. Congratulations Gabriel Barceló!

The third piece of news highlighted is that a new scientific theory, which was originally published in 2017 after 35 years of research, has served to improve the governance of satellites, by providing the theoretical basis for inertial navigation. The development has been distinguished with the 2023 Aeronautical Innovation Award.

The protagonist of this theory is Gabriel Barceló, a Spanish physicist and engineer who proves the correctness of his theory.
NEWSLETTER EN LINKEDIN

 

NEWSLETTER EN LINKEDIN

Futuribles

El mundo que viene, explicado para profesionales

Eduardo Martínez de la Fe

Editor en Tendencias 21

A new scientific theory, which was originally published in 2017 after 35 years of research, has served to improve the governance of satellites, by providing the theoretical basis of inertial navigation. The development has been distinguished with the 2023 Aeronautical Innovation Award.

RELACIONADAS

• La Inteligencia Artificial puede impedir que los satélites colisionen con los desechos espaciales

A new scientific theory that predicts the behavior of nature on non-inertial assumptions and determines more generalized laws of motion in space has served to improve the efficiency of satellite governance through a new navigation system.

The scientific theory, developed by a Spanish team led by engineer and physicist Gabriel Barceló, transcends the framework of classical mechanics to enter the world of nonlinear dynamical systems They are very little studied and for which there is no defined conceptual structure.

The new Theory of Dynamic Interactions (TID) defines a new physical and mathematical model to predict the behavior of nature under non-inertial assumptions and to determine more generalized laws of motion in space.

New criteria

It establishes new conceptual criteria, with a more general description, for understanding the behavior of nature, which means that the current laws of dynamics could be considered special and specific cases of this theory.

TID, according to its creators, offers a new perspective on dynamics, unknown to date, which makes it possible to turn trajectories considered chaotic until now, into deterministic and modellable.

Its main conclusion is that there is still a scientific space, as yet unstructured, in dynamics and, more specifically, in the realm of rigid bodies subjected to multiple simultaneous non-coaxial rotations, which is where the TID develops.

It achieves this by reinterpreting the observable behavior of bodies when they are subjected to successive non-coaxial moments. The theory justifies the deflection of a ball’s horizontal curvilinear trajectory, it explains the closed, flat orbit of the Moon or justifies Kepler’s second law.

Satellite App

Based on this theory, the Madrid-based company Sanzar Group developed a new satellite control and guidance system that reduces its weight by 90% compared to current ones, using two rotors and a reaction wheel, thus improving its performance by more than 75%, and saving 43% in the satellite’s life cycle costs.

The new system has the ability to produce the same torque as a 100-kilogram device, but needing only 12 kilograms, which means, assuming a weight cost in space of €300,000 per kilogram, a saving of €23.4 million.

In addition, it increases control and maneuverability by more than 75% over existing control systems, as well as achieving operational cost savings of €78 million on a €100 million space system (design, development, evaluation, testing and launch costs).

Aeronautical Innovation Award

This development, which won the 2023 Aeronautical Innovation Award awarded by the Official College of Aeronautical Engineers of Spain (COIAE) at the end of last year, is based on the TID, which allowed these engineers to understand the dynamic behavior of these inertial navigators, and to understand the function of accelerometers and gyroscopes in mobile navigation.

Gabriel Barceló, lead author of the Theory of Dynamic Interactions. T21 ARCHIVE.

Speaking to Tendencias21, Gabriel Barceló explained that inertial navigators have been applied for many years in the navigation and piloting of airplanes and spacecraft, but without an adequate theoretical reference. The TID is its foundation and the theoretical justification for its correct functioning, concludes the Spanish engineer and physicist.

The Madrid-based company Sanzar Group has been awarded the Aeronautical Innovation Prize by the Official Association of Aeronautical Engineers of Spain (COIAE). The awarded SANZAR AIA project is aimed at improving the efficiency in satellite governance through a newly patented navigation system.

This new system reduces the weight of the control and guidance system by 90% compared to current systems, using two rotors and a reaction wheel, thus improving its performance by more than 75% and saving 43% on the satellite’s lifecycle costs.

The SANZAR AIA aerospace inertial actuator, submitted for the award by Sanzar Group’s founder and president, Marco Ruano, can be integrated into satellites of any size.

Founder and President (https://www.sanzar-group.com/es)

Marco Ruano

The development will drastically reduce the weight of current control systems. Thus, it has the capability to produce the same torque as a 100-kilogram device, but only needs 12 kilograms, which means, assuming a cost of weight in space of 300,000 euros per kilogram, a saving of 23.4 million euros.

Moreover, it increases control and maneuverability by more than 75% compared to existing control systems; assuming that the operating costs in a space station can account for 51% of the total lifecycle costs, this results in operational cost savings of 78 million euros on a 100 million euro space system (costs of design, development, evaluation, testing, and launch).

The Madrid-based company has developed a first technological demonstrator (MVP1), tested in 2022, in an aerial environment. Today they have a second version (MVP2) in which tests will be conducted in a space environment and a first space trial over the next year, with the goal of beginning its commercialization in 2025.

Thus, the company’s R&D strategy lies in ensuring the continuity of differential technological development in the coming years, implementing the AIA along with its control software on different space platforms: Agile Satellites, Observation Satellites, Communication Satellites, Mini-Satellites. The AIA is a plug-and-play device, easy to adapt to any platform through simple scaling that supports the advancement and implementation of technology with a significant impact on increasing operations and space applications.

Sanzar will commercially exploit its technology through a B2B business model with the support of the European Space Agency (ESA) and collaborations with other technology companies. It aims to enter a global gyroscopes market of 4.980 billion by 2028, which supports its commercial strategy.

With a young team of nine engineers and a clear international vocation, it has offices in Spain, India, Paraguay, and Tunisia. It expects to generate cascading benefits by facilitating and reducing the cost of access to space data and communications worldwide.

https://www.sanzar-group.com/es/drone-sanzar01

 

Navigation Systems

The award has been given to a new inertial navigation system entirely designed by Sanzar Group in Spain.

The navigation function is part of any mobile’s Guidance, Navigation, and Control (GNC) system and involves calculating its location, speed, and orientation (or attitude), also known as the state vector. Navigation relies on data contributions from a variety of sensors and subsystems.

It is the Theory of Dynamic Interactions by Gabriel Barceló that allows us to understand the dynamic behavior of these inertial navigators, and to understand the role of accelerometers and gyroscopes in the navigation of mobiles. (See https://advanceddynamics.net/ and https://dinamicafundacion.com/)

Inertial navigation systems play an important role in the control of space vehicles, and their development continues to improve continuously.

May 2021

Our visible universe has an accelerated expansion, according to repeated evidence obtained by various techniques, from the well-known observations made by Edwin Powell Hubble. From this observation, innumerable calculations and deductions have been made, which have led to the hypothesis of the existence of an unprecedented cosmic entity, which has the peculiarity of repelling matter from each other, and which was called “dark energy“. This “dark energy” is completely unknown, and some researchers understand it as the convenient hypothesis, but not real, because it is the one that arises from calculations and deep observations. Taking into account that we already know that all cosmic objects and systems are in rotation, both locally and not so locally, and that all bodies are endowed with intrinsic and extrinsic angular momentum, it seems logical to think that rotational dynamics should also apply to these phenomena.

Starting from this apparently simple idea, our collaborator, Luís Alberto Perez, has developed a video in which another hypothesis is proposed as an alternative to the existence of “dark energy”: The intensities of the centrifugal acceleration flows exceed the intensities of the gravitational fluxes, which are not enough to compensate for the centrifugal flow, hence the baryonic matter, energy, space and time are extended, in geometric progression with respect to our apparent time. He proposes that the expansion of the cosmic tissue could not be caused by “dark energy“, but by centrifugal fields of rotational orbital domains. For example, in a spiral galaxy, all that matter that is positioned further from the main axis of rotation is effectively lost in space as time passes, or what is the same, the intensity of the centrifugal acceleration is not it compensates with the gravitational field, and the destination of each spiral galaxy is another in the form of a disk, more or less homogeneous and compact. The video titled: Inertial fields. Axioms and conjectures on implications of the theory of dynamic interactions, and with the subtitle: Cosmic expansion accelerated in time Scientific proposal of “uncompensated centrifugal flow”, it is accessible at the following address:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tCPM3PMp6Tc

Other videos about TDI can be viewed at this address:

https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC1xTBr82xa1f3QktaPClngg

April 2021

It is possible to interpret the behavior of the universe by using the criteria of the Theory of Dynamic Interactions, and in that case, it is not necessary to resort to other supposed and exotic explanations, such as energy or dark matter. Precisely, the expert Luis Alberto Pérez has published his conclusions in the latest issue of the World Journal of Mechanics, Vol.11 No.4, april 2021.

In that publication, the author of it, proposes that the cosmos should not be treated as a whole, with a global axis of rotation, but rather that bodies rotate and orbit, existing different local rotation axes, referring to a specific domain of cosmic tissue; and that these are not, in general, parallel to each other. The text of the article by Luis Alberto Pérez: Uncompensated Centrifugal Flow about Accelerated Cosmic Expansion, can be obtained at this address: DOI: 10.4236/wjm.2021.114007